Wednesday, 10 May 2017

Proposals for quality university education



Proposals for quality university education - Cape Times  28 October 2015

I will not disclose my age, gender/gender role or ‘race’ in this piece because I believe that readers should assess what is said on merit.  Having said this, here are my credentials.  I am an emeritus professor at the University of Cape Town who occupied every academic post from junior lecturer to full professor, always promoted on merit. During my career development, I competed against applicants from the likes of Oxford and Princeton Universities for some of these posts.  I have mentored 50 masters and Ph.D. graduates, all of whom published their research results and have successful professional careers.  Four (one woman) are professors (one at world renowned University of California at Berkeley), two (both ‘black’ women) are senior lecturers, and two (both black men) are directors of African natural history museums.  I designed, launched and taught in a post-graduate programme that has generated nearly 300 graduates (including many ‘blacks’ from throughout Africa), 80+% of whom are relevantly employed.  I have authored 200+ scientific works in internationally recognized, peer reviewed, journals including Nature, one of the world’s top-ranked scientific publications. Outside of university life, I served as president of both of the South African professional societies that reflect my academic interests.  One of these honoured me its lifetime achievement award.  

Now my views on university education which I impart to all of my students.  

The B.S. degree is bullshit.  The M.S. is more of the same.  A Ph.D. is piled higher and deeper.  The only meaningful letters to strive for are JOB.  Having diplomas   guarantees nothing if you are not competitive in the real world.  Getting a job requires treating Sunday as the day of ‘rest’.  That is, use it as the day on which you do the ‘rest’ of the things you didn’t achieve during the remainder of the week.  Given that the one consistent message given by students (past and present), university administrators and governmental representatives is, regardless of the ‘transformation’ that must and will occur at South African universities, “high quality” education at universities must not be compromised, I maintain that this is a university’s one non-negotiable goal.

How can “high quality” education be achieved by young people who have intellectual ability and work ethic, regardless of ‘race’ and gender/gender role?  First, contrary to the demands that university education should be free to all, the ANC’s Freedom Charter states that “higher education and training shall be opened to all by means of state allowances and scholarships awarded on the basis of merit.”  Therefore, state-sponsored and other “allowances/scholarships” for free (covering the full spectrum of costs from fees to food and university residence accommodation) should go first and foremost to the best, brightest workaholics who are least able to afford the costs involved, regardless of ‘race’, gender/gender role, physical ability, etc.  To do otherwise, violates the principles of the ANC and Black Consciousness Movement and true (not “neo-“) liberalism and the South African constitution.  Thereafter, financial support should be tailored to the needs of those who have demonstrated the potential to cope with the challenges of “high quality” university education, but are otherwise barred financially.  Awarding financial aid solely on the basis of reverse-apartheid ‘racialism’ violates the fundamental, non-discriminatory principles and laws on which post-apartheid South African is based.  

But this is not enough. 
 
University-educated South African students need to be exposed to strategically ‘transformed’ curricula which equip them to cope with the challenges of competing in, and further developing, a global, especially Afrocentric, society.  Ignoring or, worse still, unjustifiably condemning  views/ideas/historical contributions of internationally highly regarded people because of their geographical provenance, religion, ‘race’, gender/gender role, political or temporal origins is poor pedagogy.  At worst, it emulates what occurred in repressive societies such as Nazi Germany and apartheid South Africa.  These contributions need to be assessed/contrasted/debated rationally and critically with those from Africa’s pre-colonial and modern history.  Furthermore, these curricula should not be restricted to current politico/economic/socially relevant issues.  This is reflected by a quotation from Prof. Drew Faust, the first woman president of Harvard University:
“When we define higher education's role principally as driving economic development and solving society's most urgent problems, we risk losing sight of broader questions, of the kinds of inquiry that enable the critical stance, that build the humane perspective, that foster the restless skepticism and unbounded curiosity from which our profoundest understandings so often emerge. Too narrow a focus on the present can come at the expense of the past and future, of the long view that has always been higher learning's special concern. How can we create minds capable of innovation if they are unable to imagine a world different from the one in which we live now? History teaches contingency; it demonstrates that the world has been different and could and will be different again.”
But this is not enough.

Universities need more than just “high quality”, globally/African relevant “songs”.  They need vocationally dedicated “singers” (educators/researchers/public communicators) who understand these (and are capable of developing new) songs.  Many of the current academic staff at even highly internationally ‘rated’ South African universities, regardless of ‘race’ or gender, act as if their jobs were secure entitlements (through the privilege of academic tenure) that they need only perform for half the day (during which they lecture) for not much more than half the year.  Absence from work makes them inaccessible to their students, especially those with poor educational backgrounds and who require mentoring to make the transition from a pre-university dysfunctional educational system.  It also does little to develop their potential to be better academics. They are also given every seventh year free from normal academic duty for a paid-in-full sabbatical.    There is no meaningful (potentially punitive) regular assessment of their job performance (other than blockage of promotion), despite the existence of independent national bodies, e.g. the National Research Foundation, that use international peer review to assess academics every four years.  There is no formal requirement for university academics to stray from the intellectual ‘ivory tower’ to communicate their ideas/findings to society at large, i.e. become “public intellectuals” or “citizen scientists”.  To transform this legacy of colonialism, I propose that, through regular supervision by appropriate members of the university administrative hierarchy, all academics, including deans of faculties, meet the following requirements:

1.       be present for designated periods of the day to make themselves accessible to students (for counselling /advice/feedback/mentoring) and colleagues with whom they team-teach and conduct departmental/faculty business;

2.       account for time spent away from campus, e.g. by demonstrating that it involves research or societal outreach;

3.       be responsible for delivering products (e.g. research publications) during sabbatical leave;
4.       communicate their and their students’ research to society;

5.       promote national/ international exposure/collaboration of research (e.g. at symposia/conferences/training sessions) and career-advancing visits to high quality institutions;

6.       be assessed regularly and  transparently (e.g. on the university webpage) internally (by students that they teach and more senior colleagues) for their functioning as educators; and

7.       subject to regular, independent, extra-university, peer review by organizations such as the NRF.

Those staff, especially those who represent currently demographically underrepresented sectors of the South African community, who meet and excel in these requirements should be rewarded financially (both in terms of their pay packets and research funds) and fast-tracked in terms of promotion. 

A concerned university academic

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